Access internet in the space with Interplanetary Internet

In the present, the Internet is not just a facility that can be enjoyed on earth. With the development of technology, the Internet is no more restricted to fly far away from our earth. But actually, when the internet goes beyond our planet, it becomes an Internet connection between two or more planets. So that Internet connection must be compatible with the requirements which are needed to use the internet from a far distance from the earth. Also, when communicating with different planets there cannot be any data loss or any delay. ‘Delay Tolerant Network’ (DTN) is one of the above-described network connections. It is so much similar to the technology used in the Internet networks but used above the earth’s boundaries. Therefore, it is called the ‘InterPlanetary Internet’. 

Internet on Earth vs. InterPlanetary Internet

The Internet has been built by the controller computers and millions of custom/ normal user computers including the server computers that carry all the data and information exchanged through the internet.

Likewise, InterPlanetary Internet also has been created with a collection of many main devices and many other gadgets including landscaping centers, orbital planes, landers & rowers. They have been implemented on other planets as well as on earth. By the time, NASA has already planned a model of a such system to create a network between the Earth and the Mars. So it has been named as ‘Mars Network’. Here many small satellites are being sent to the axil where all of them are connected to the landscaping centers on Mars. All them are being connected to one of the main satellites within the axilla of the Mars and it is being connected to a satellite in the axilla of the Earth. From that satellite, received data are being retrieved by a landscaping center on the earth. So, as anyone can understand, Interplanetary Internet; how it works, the technology used, desired final results & etc. are so much different from the normal internet being used on the earth.

The Internet is being executed according to the technological protocols which were designed and developed specially to carry out the Internet on the earth. ‘IP’ & ‘TCP’ are the major among those protocols. Likewise, a special protocol such as ‘BP’ (Bundle Protocol), ‘DTN’ (Delay-Tolerant Network) is needed to execute the InterPlanetary Internet.

A very small delay in InterPlanetary Internet can be a delay that takes a few days to recover. So it has to be so efficient and effective although it is being used by few scientists; not like the Internet which is being used by the trillions of people on earth. 

Development of InterPlanetary Internet

Finding a proper technology for all the existing requirements is the most challengeable thing when it comes to this subject. Mainly, there are two facts that need to be solved-out.

Developing a protocol which suites for all the spacecrafts & control centersAbility to share data & information without any delay

The US space agency is working on developing a such technology. One of their teams is working on this at ‘Goddard Space Flight Centre’. It has been more than 15 years since this project; named ‘CANDOS’ (Communication and Navigation Demonstrations and Shuttle) has begun. Their idea is to create Interplanetary Internet by developing the existing internet on earth.

The other team is placed at the ‘Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at NASA. Vint Cerf; who is known as the father of the internet is leading this team. Their idea is to develop special protocols and with the use of them create the Interplanetary Internet.

Developing everything from the baby-step is not easy as we think. It takes a lot of time and wealth. But creating the Interplanetary Internet by developing the existing Internet will save the time and the cash as well, as it is a place which is being developed and maintained for many years and has many resources to use. Anyway, this process needs to be done properly and we hope that it’ll be completed as soon as possible and we’ll be able to see how it works. Let’s keep on looking…

Learn more about InterPlanetary Internet

# CCSDS – Consultative Committee for Space Data System 

     (https://public.ccsds.org/default.aspx)

# SCPS    – Space Communication Protocol Specifications 

     (http://www.scps.org)

# DTN     – Delay Tolerant Network

     (https://www.nasa.gov/content/dtn)

# LCRD   – Laser Communications Relay Demonstration 

     (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/lcrd/index.html)

# SCA      – Space Communication Architecture

     (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/lcrd/index.html)

Access high speed internet with WiMAX Technology

There are many ways to access the Internet nowadays. Broadband, Wi-Fi & Dial-up are the most popular among them all. But still, there are at least one or two weaknesses of those connection types.

Ex:- 

Broadband – Very expensive

Wi-Fi – Not accessible from everywhere. Need to be in the Wi-Fi hotspot area

Dial-up – Speed is so low

Therefore a new method to connect to the Internet was needed to be found excluding the weaknesses of the current methods. Some of the features expected from that new method are as follows.

# Must be speed than the others

# Must be accessible from anywhere; under any circumstance

# Must not be expensive and able to plant it easily

A new technology with all the above-mentioned features has been developed since 2001. By the time it has become much popular in the present as well. That technology is not anything else. It's the ‘WiMAX Technology' (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). By today, to get a speedy broadband connection & to provide internet access to the countryside, this WiMAX technology is being used heavily. Even millions of the crowd all around the world are accessing 4G broadband internet connections through this WiMAX technology. In the Asia Pacific, 29% of the broadband connections are being provided by this technology.

WiMAX System

The system developed to use this WiMAX technology is a combination of two parts.

WiMAX Tower – It is also like a mobile connection tower. A WiMAX Tower can provide broadband internet connection to a wide area of 3000 Square miles.

WiMAX Receiver – It is a small device with an antenna. There's a special module in it; a PCMCIA card. In some modern laptops, it comes as a built-in feature.

How WiMAX Works in a Network Environment

WiMAX TechnologyIn this system, a transmitter/ WiMAX tower is being connected with the Internet Service Provider (ISP) using cables and that tower can provide internet to its nearby area. Also, these towers can provide internet connection to the ‘backhaul towers’ placed straight-away to them through a wireless connection using microwaves. So, it shows that WiMAX towers provide wireless internet connection in two ways.

Line-of-sight Transmission – Any WiMAX receiver such as dish antenna & etc. situated in one straight line to the WiMAX transmitter tower.

Non-Line-of-sight Transmission – In this method, any WiMAX receiver closer to the transmitter can access the internet through this WiMAX technology. Here you can use a special modem to receive the signals and distribute it to the other devices at your place through cables or connect the computers sprightly to the transmitter using a small antenna and build a straight connection between them.

WiMAX Standards

Data transferring through WiMAX technology is happening according to a Word Wide recognized standards and the terms of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering). In WiMAX technology, they’re using the IEEE 802.16 technology convention. So if there’s any data & information transfer system under IEEE 802.16 standard, it’s only the WiMAX technology.

Accessible Distance

From the main center, it allows sharing data and information within 30 miles (50Km) in a high speed of 70 megabits using the microwaves in between 2GHz to 66GHz. So this technology is most suitable for a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) because of its ability to transfer data within a wide area using the WiMAX transmitter. Bluetooth is only useful within a small range of area of 100m which is most suitable for a Personal Area Network (PAN). The maximum distance where Wi-Fi is accessible is limited only to 300 feet distance, making it more suitable for a Local Area Network (LAN). Neither Bluetooth nor Wi-Fi is able to provide internet connection to a much wide area and therefore WiMAX is the best option.

WiMAX History

In a 1990th decade, scientists were working on discovering a new technology which is able to be used to share data within a wide area. At that time there were only two wireless broadband technologies being used as LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) & MMDS (Multi-Channel Multipoint Distribution Service). Among them, scientists understood that LMDS method can be developed much more and it is what that developed up to the IEEE 802.16 standard. As soon as it developed as the IEEE 802.16 technology standard, a wise team was needed to keep the technology being developed and modified. So I 2001, WiMAX forum (wimaxforum.org) was founded. The name ‘WiMAX’ was assigned to the IEEE 802.16 standard by this forum.org. All the companies that produce devices and provide services connected to WiMAX technology are members of this wimaxforum.org.  This association is being continued as a non-profitable organization while being so popular in developing technology standards nowadays.  

Father of WiMAX Technology

It was 'Arogyaswami Paulraj', an Indian Scientist who did the best finding while developing the LMDS technology to the WiMAX technology by introducing the MIMO Wireless Theory. Without that theory, there was not a single possibility to develop this WiMAX technology and that’s why Arogyaswami Paulraj is being respected as the Father of WiMAX Technology.

Whta is this high speed data transferring method? || Transferjet Technology

'TransferJet Technology' is a wireless way of exchanging data and information in a speed matching the modern technology. TransferJet Con Sotiyam Organization can be mentioned as the founder of this TransferJet Technology. They announced about it in the very recent past, on the date of 8th of June 2017.

Why TransferJet?

This technology of exchanging data & information has been named as TransferJet in the manner of exposing the idea that it is able to exchange data & information in a similar speed of a jet. The main specification of this technology is also that speed and the way it exchanges data.

It is totally different, the way how the devices with the TransferJet technology exchange data between each from the way how all the other wireless devices exchange data. But for the users, it is not a complicated activity to transfer data from one device to another using this technology. Data tranferation begins as soon as the devices with this technology get closer to each. Transferation gets more speed if the two devices get touched with the other. It is like a wireless charging system. There the phone battery gets charged when the phone touches the surface of the wireless charger. TransferJet is also something similar to that technology where the data can be transferred more quickly at a speed of a jet when the two devices touch each other. What a cool way of exchanging data? It's up to you...

How speed it is?

Through this technology, data can be transferred at a maximum speed of 10Gb per second (10Gbit/s). That means to share a 1GB file between two devices, it only takes one second. Data stored in a computer is measured in Mega Bite (MB), while the data transferring speed is measured in MegaBit (Mb). So if a 1MB file is being shared, the transferring speed is 8Bit per second. Therefore to share 4K or VR videos wirelessly, it only takes very few seconds. Even to share all the data & information stored on an entire DVD, it takes less than 5 seconds. All these happen in these speeds when the two TransferJet devices are touched the each other. If there's a gap of 3cm between the two devices, the speed of sharing data is 7500Mb (7.5Gbit/s) per second where the transferring speed of a USB 3.0 port is only 5000Mb (5Gbit/s) per second. So anyone can understand the speed and the benefits of this TransferJet Technology.

Is it Safe to share data using TransferJet?

Safety is one of the main facts that anyone cares about when it comes to the modern technology. Regarding the TransferJet technology, there's no reason for anyone to worry about security risks. The main reason is that you can share things through this technology only within a limited area with a distance of 3 cm. So only no one from a longer distance can hack into the connection and steal data which is being shared through this technology. 

Also, there's an inbuilt security system which allows the user to choose the devices need to pair with to share data and decline the other devices. So although there are more devices powered with TransferJet Technology, you can transfer data to the previously selected devices. This technology got the ability to select and pair only with the previously commanded devices. So that makes it more secure to use this technology to share data & information.

Technogy used in TransferJet

TransferJet is a wireless technology which is used to share data & information within a small area. So we can say it's a 'CPWT' (Close Proximity Wireless Technology). Also, it is a 'Wide Band Technology' as well as an expressway of sharing data.

In this technology, radio waves are being used to share data. Its frequency is 4.48GHZ. Likewise, using low spear frequencies helps it to stay away from other communication systems without annoying/ avoid interference.

TransferJet History

On 21st of August in 2008, TransferJet was demonstrated as a technology that can be used practically in a useful way, by the Sony at their own labs in Tokyo. There, they shared photos in a camera with a huge computer screen without any wired connection saying that they found a new way of sharing data among closer devices. That's how this technology was born.

Final Thoughts...

Adjusting themselves automatically to share data, this technology has become much popular in many countries today. With the 802.15.3e standard of the IEEE, TransferJet Consortium is also working hard on developing this far more. On 8th June 2017, they announced that they're improving this technology to make the mobile communication networks more effective & efficient. That new technology is standardized as 'TransferJet X'. Likewise, it has become much useful, as a technology which is used to share data & information among closer devices without any wired connection. So hope you'll also find it so useful. And don't forget to subscribe to this blog and if there's anything you want to know or you know that I mentioned here, simply leave a comment in the comments section below.

Leant about Processor Technology/ Microchips

All the privileges of a computer mainly depend on a microchip which is called as a ‘Processor’. Simply it is a burnished Silicon plate where transistor circuits are arranged but comes with an amazing power. In the recent past, processors was not a much popular topic among people. But soon it became much popular with the improvement of the processors and because of the increasing competition among the processor manufacturing companies. There are only few processor manufacturing companies all around the world. ‘Intel’ and ‘AMD’ are the most popular out of them.  

Although Intel stood much forward, with the new processor set introduced by the AMD, the situation has bit changed. This new processor of AMD Company was introduced in late February in 2017 and it was named as ‘Ryzen’. These Ryzen processors are in the competition with the new processor introduced by the Intel Company on 3rd of January 2017, which was named as ‘Kaby Lake’. It has been more competitive because the Ryzen processors and Kaby Lake processors tit for tat. But when it comes to the subject; efficiency of the processors, Ryzen processors are the best among all the other processors at the moment. Keep on reading. Let’s run back to the ancient time of these processors first of all.

Microchip History

When it goes back, nearly for 70 years from today, on 16th of December in 1947, William Shockley, John Badin, and Vaulter Breton found the transistors for the Bell Labs in the USA. With this new innovation of transistors, they were replaced with most of the parts, such as the valves or the vacuum tubes, in electronic devices during those days.    

First generation computers came with the valves which are also called as vacuum tubes. But from the next generation, that means from the second generation, computers came with the circuits with transistors. These transistors were modified for the electronic computers which means the third generation computers. It was done by Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby.   

Jack Kilby was from the Texas Instruments in the USA and Robert Noyce was from the Fairchild Semiconductor Inc. In 1961, both of them separately found that all the transistors, resistors, capacitors, and the wires connecting them, can be reconstituted on a single semiconductor/ chip. This is the first impression of the innovation of Processors/ Microchips.   

In 1968, Robert Noyce, Gordon Moore, and Andy Grove created a company and it was named as Intel. Computers were taken to the fourth generation from the third generation by them with their creation of the World’s First Microchip in 1971 which was named as ‘Intel 4004’. There were 2300 transistors included in that microchip.

Moore’s Law of Microchips

Although the world’s first microchip came with only 2300 transistors, that amount began to increase immediately. Gordon Moore, who considered this situation, wrote an article to the ‘Electronics Magazine’ published in the USA on 19th April 1965. There he described that the amount of the transistors that can be included in a microchip doubles in every two years. This showing has been satisfied even for today. This saying of Moore is known as the ‘Moore’s Law’ today.

How The Microchips Are Being Made?

To make microchips, Sea sand is being used. Silicon bars with different diameters are being made after cleaning the sand until they are 99.9999% siliconized, by warming them in a high heat. Those silicon bars are called as ‘Ingot’. From those silicon bars, thin slices with a thickness of about 1/30’’. Then those slices are being belayed smoothly. Such a silicon plate is called as a ‘Polished Wafer’.  

Then an electric resisted, Silicon Dioxide [SiO2] layer is being applied to this plate and then a Photoresist Layer is also being applied. Next step is, sending ultraviolet rays on to this silicon plate. This method of making chips by sending ultraviolet rays is called as ‘Deep Ultraviolet Optical Lithography’. This light is being sent through a block of the silicon plate which is called as a ‘Mask’. The single chip piece created after that procedure is called as a ‘Die’. When the ultraviolet rays hit the light-sensitive chemical [Photoresist Layer] applied to the plate, those areas get congealed. Then a high-speed blast is being sent on to this Wafer and it blows-out the unnecessary things on it, keeping the congealed chemical parts.  

After the completion of these steps, a small circuit is created on that wafer. That circuit is so small where the measurements can only be done in Nanometers. After all, the wafer is being covered with an Aluminium plate. Then this chip can be divided into the parts considering the purpose.

Transistors and Microchips

A transistor is the main electronic switch of a Chip. All the microchips have been made consisting many of these transistors. With the method Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce found of creating a microchip, more transistors are being placed on a small room of a chip and make a microchip.  

When trying to place more and more transistors on a small surface, the abrasion paths must be tiny as well. The size of these paths on the modern microchips is 14nm. Therefore nearly 14 million transistors can be placed on a 1mm2 surface of a processor. From 2014, IBM Company is producing these type of processors. Intel Kaby Lake and AMD Ryzen are also same as those processors.

Modern Processor Technology

Processors with a special structure that can handle the orders given by the modern Operating Systems and programs are there on the trend today. They come with a moderated structure [ISA – Instruction Set Architecture] and technically they are considered as the processors with X86 architecture. This architecture is also found by the Intel Company. But today, there are many other companies also use this technology. As told in the very beginning, Kaby Lake and Ryzen Processors are the most suitable examples for this.

Final Thoughts...

Single core processors have been developed by the time and now there are Dual core, Quad core, Octa-core, Hexa-core and even Deca core processors. With their development, the speed, efficiency & effectiveness also has been increased and their prices as well. So the computers come with that kind of developed processors are far better than the others. Almost all the quality and the demand of a computer is based on this small microchip. So having a computer with a good processor is awesome than having a computer with better equipment such as an expensive keyboard, mouse, screen, but with a poor quality processor. Hope you found at least a single fact that helps you to improve your knowledge. Subscribe to this blog and be in touch to be the first to read the next post. And don’t forget to leave a comment below about what you think of this post, and if there’s anything you know more than the facts described above, be humane to share that knowledge with all the other readers as well by leaving a comment in the comment session below.